|
|
 |

British Filibusters and Angola — A Haven for Escaped Slaves
Angola was a community of formerly enslaved Africans that thrived near the Manatee River from at least 1812 until 1821. In 1821 the settlement was destroyed, possibly at the behest of Andrew Jackson, by a Lower Creek Indian war party.
Angola was settled by Black warriors who, as allies of the Spanish, British, and Seminoles, had fought several battles in northern Florida against American forces. Angola was not only a refuge of freedom but also a focus for economic and diplomatic activity within the broader Atlantic world.
British filibusters may have operated a trading post on the Manatee River in support of the Angolan community. Two accused filibusters, Alexander Arbuthnot and Robert C. Ambrister, were tried and executed as spies in 1818 by Andrew Jackson.
More on this subject can be found at
the Florida Historical Quarterly web site.
Document: Charleston City Gazette and Commercial Advertiser re: Angola raid
Charleston, South Carolina
City Gazette and Commercial Advertiser
Report of "AN EYEWITNESS" to the violent slave raid on Angola
appeared on December 3, 1821
"Towards the end of the month of April last, some men of influence and fortune, residing somewhere in the western country, thought of making a speculation in order to obtain Slaves for a trifle…"
"For this purpose, they hired Charles Miller, William
Weatherford [and others], and under these chiefs, were engaged about two hundred Cowetas Indians," the letter continued. "They were ordered to proceed along the western coast of East Florida, southerly, and there take, in the name of the United States, and make prisoners of all the men of colour, including women and children, they would be able to find, and bring them all, well secured, to a certain place, which has been kept a secret."
The "EYE-WITNESS" then offered first-hand details of the raid and of Angola's destruction.
"They arrived at Sazazota [the general area of Sarasota; this is, the Manatee River], surprised and captured about 300 of them, plundered their plantations, set on fire all their houses…
But the terror thus spread along the Western Coast of East Florida, broke all the establishments of both blacks and Indians, who fled in great consternation…"
|
Excerpted from: Tales of Angola: Free Blacks, Red Stick Creeks, and International Intrigue in Spanish Florida, 1812-1821 by Canter Brown, Jr.
Copyright 2005, David H. Jackson, Jr., and Canter Brown, Jr., Editors.
Complete text available at:
http://www.lookingforangola.com/Excerpt_Canter_Brown_Jr.asp?mnu=sub2
Document: Boston Patriot and Mercantile Advertiser Excerpt from Vignoles
Boston Patriot and Daily Mercantile Advertiser
Report by Charles Vignoles appeared on August 20, 1822
"The indians and the negroes have been lately so connected with events in Florida, that a few observations, so far as they have been concerned, may perhaps be not necessary…
…The remnant of the black and colored people, who served with Col. Nichols during the war, fugitive slaves from all the southern states, as well as from the Spanish plantations in Florida, followed up the steps of the Indians and formed considerable settlements on the waters of Tampa Bay. …"
|
Canter Brown, Jr. 1990
The "Sarrazota, or runaway Negro plantations": Tampa Bay's First Black Community, 1812-1821.
Tampa Bay History 12 (fall-winter): 5-19
Document: John Lee Williams, excerpt from Territory of Florida
"A stream that enters the bay joining the Oyster River, on the S.W. was ascended about six miles. It was forty yards wide, and six feet deep, but full of islands…
The famous Arbuthnot and Ambrister had at one time a plantation here cultivated by two hundred negroes. The ruins of their cabins, and domestic utensils are still seen on the old fields."
|
One of Florida's earliest historians, John Lee Williams visited
the lower Gulf coast in 1827. In The Territory of Florida (1837), Williams
reported that he had examined the bays of Tampa and Sarrazota with care, and explored the Oyster River for twenty miles.
Document: Translation of Spanish Land Grant claims
Caldez, Joaquin Unc. C 2; G&S VI 59, 108
1 (E) illiterate, claims 640 acres at Angola, on the southside of the Oyster River about 8 miles from Tampa Bay, as a settler since 1812.
Witness: Carlos Prieto
2 (E) Andrew Gomes/Gomez, illiterate, swears before Owen Marsh, justice of the peace, that Caldez is the head of a family and has occupied and cultivated this land about 15 years.
3 (E) Antonio Trasia, illiterate, swears before Edward Dixon, justice of the peace, that Caldez was cultivating this land in 1819.
Caldez, Jose Maria Unc. C 2; G&S VI 59, 109
1 (E) illiterate, claims 640 acres, under the donation act, at Angola on the north side of Oyster River 9 miles from Tampa Bay, where she has been a settler since 1814.
Witness: Carlos Prieto
2 (E) Antonio Trasia, illiterate, swears before Edward Dixon, justice of the peace, at his office near Cant Brook in East Florida, 9/28/1828, that Jose M. Caldes lived on the above tract in 1819 and cultivated it.
3 (E) Sergeant John Russell swears before F. J. Fatio, 9/5/1828, that Jose M. Caldes and Joaquin Caldes cultivated this land and had buildings thereon in 1824.
4 (E) Maximo Hernandez, illiterate, swears before Owen Marsh, justice of the peace, 6/2/1828, that he has known Jose Maria Caldes and has known also of his farm since 1818.
5 (E) Domingo Alvarez, illiterate, swears before Edward Dixon, justice of the peace, that he knows Maximo Hernandez and also knows of his farm at Angola.
|
<< Return to Timeline
|